1. What is solar energy?
As nuclear reactions continue on the sun, photons, a particle with energy, are released on it. The essence of the solar energy generated by the sun’s rays hitting the earth is that the energy of these particles, called photons, is released when they hit the earth. Solar energy, as a renewable energy source, will continue to be released as long as the sun continues to shine. Solar energy is also an excellent source of clean energy as it does not produce any gas emissions when used.
2. How solar panels work?
Solar panels are a device that can collect sunlight for power generation, generally using semiconductor material silicon to make photovoltaic surfaces, general solar panels will be two layers of silicon, each layer of silicon should be specially processed, doped with other substances, and finally the two layers of semiconductor material surface will carry a different charge, known as solar panels positive and negative levels.
When photons of sunlight are emitted and hit the solar panel, the solar panel can utilize the energy of these photons to convert the electrons around the nucleus of an atom carrying a negative charge from a low-energy state to a high-energy state. The electrons that are excited into a high-energy state will have a greater ability to break away from the pull of the nucleus and become free-moving electrons.
At this point, the electrons move within the solar panel and out of the junction, where the solar panel performs its second function: it sorts these free-moving electrons into a column, creating a directional current.
Finally, the metal material at the edge of the solar panel can capture these directional currents solar panel will produce electricity, this process is called the photovoltaic effect.
3. Solar panels are composed of what and each part in the work of what role to play
Solar panels can be broadly divided into solar cells and other parts.
3.1 Solar Cells
Solar cells are mainly made of semiconductor material silicon, according to the different processes are divided into monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. And the use of different silicon panels made of solar cells also have different properties. Monocrystalline silicon panels are composed of individual silicon crystals, and the solar cells made of them can provide more space for free-moving electrons to move, thus improving power generation efficiency.
3.2 Glass Surface
For most solar panels, a layer of glass is required to cover the top of the photovoltaic layer. First of all, some kind of material is usually chosen to cover the PV surface of the solar panel in order to prevent damage to the PV surface by falling objects as well as frost and snow in bad weather. The reason for choosing glass as the surface material is because it has a lower refractive index and reflectivity, which minimizes the weakening of the direct sunlight by the covering layer, and secondly, the glass surface is smoother, which makes it easier to be cleaned at a later stage.
3.3 Metal Frame
The metal frame of the two layers of the solar panel is able to merge the multiple directional currents formed on the surface of the solar panel and then make them flow together to the connecting wires.
3.4 Anti-reflection coating
Coated on the surface of the solar panel. Reduces the amount of reflected sunlight and increases the amount of solar energy collected.
4. What is a solar panel system? How does a solar panel system work?
A solar panel system is a power generation system with solar panels as the main part and other components.
In the solar panel system, there are solar charger controller, inverter and solar battery packs and other important parts. After the solar panel converts solar energy into electricity, other systems are still needed to realize solar power.
4.1 Solar Battery
The solar array plays the role of storing excess power in a solar panel system. When your solar panel system produces more electricity than your household needs every day, you can choose to flow this excess power into the main grid and receive a credit from the utility company, but this requires that the solar panel system be connected to the main grid. In order to save money, most home solar panel systems are not connected to the main grid, and the excess power produced by these systems will need to be stored in a specialized battery bank, which will generally be used, and the excellent performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries makes it often used as a solar battery bank.
4.2 Photovoltaic inverters
First of all, we need to know, solar panels issued by the current belongs to the DC, and household appliances are generally only through the AC power supply, the role of the inverter in the solar panels issued by the DC into AC power and then used for load energy supply.
4.3 Solar Charge Controller
Solar charge controller is connected to the solar panel and solar battery group between the parts, its existence can control the solar panel on the battery group charging, to ensure that does not occur excessive charging and current backflow damage to the solar panel and solar battery group.
Summarize:
the working principle of the solar panel is mainly photovoltaic effect, but only rely on the solar panel is far from being able to meet the requirements of the power supply to the load, the other supporting parts are also in such power generation project plays an important role.
