1. Solid State Battery

Solid-state battery is a battery technology that is different from the now popularized lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. Solid-state batteries are batteries that use solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. Solid-state lithium battery technology uses a glass compound made of lithium and sodium as a conductive substance to replace the electrolyte in lithium batteries, which can greatly increase the energy density of lithium batteries.

1.1 Principle of solid-state battery

Liquid lithium batteries are also known as rocking chair batteries, the two ends of the battery for the positive and negative poles, the middle of the liquid electrolyte, lithium ions in the battery at both ends of the movement, from the positive pole to the negative pole and then to the positive pole of the movement of the battery charging and discharging is completed. The principle of solid state battery is the same as the principle of liquid lithium battery, except that the electrolyte is solid, with the density and structure can let more charged ions gathered at one end, to get a larger current, to enhance the capacity of the battery.

1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of solid-state battery

Advantages.

1. high energy density of solid batteries, the use of all-solid-state electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries will change the use of materials, the main thing is not to have to use inlaid graphite negative electrode, but the use of lithium metal to do the negative electrode, so that you can reduce the use of negative electrode materials, so that the energy density of the whole battery rises.

2. Small volume, lithium-ion electronic need to use the diaphragm and electrolyte, they will occupy a large part of the volume of the battery, and if the use of solid electrolyte instead, can shorten the distance between the movement of electrons, so that the thickness of the battery can be greatly reduced.

3. Safer, lithium-ion batteries in the high-current operating environment will occur lithium dendrites, which will puncture the diaphragm leading to short-circuit phenomenon, solid batteries will not be such an accident. Lithium battery electrolyte is an organic solution, in the high temperature environment will occur side reactions, oxidation, gas generation and combustion, the use of solid-state batteries will not occur such accidents.

4. more convenient to use, solid-state battery electrolyte is usually made of ceramics, glass, solid compounds, etc., in the thickness of thin to a certain extent, the material can be bent, it will be more flexible, made of batteries can be after many times of bending to ensure that the performance will not decline.

Disadvantages:

1. The testing and production capacity of solid-state batteries is limited, and the production cost of solid-state batteries is high. The development of solid-state batteries is at an early stage, and it is difficult to promote them for widespread use.

2. Graphene Battery

Graphene battery is a new type of material that uses graphene cells as electrodes, which has the characteristics of high strength, ultra-light and thin, etc. Graphene batteries mainly use the characteristics of lithium ions that penetrate between graphene surface and electrodes at high speeds and in large quantities, to achieve the storage and release of electrical energy.

2.1 Application of graphene battery

Graphene batteries are considered a major upgrade of lithium-ion batteries, and the pace of industrialization and application of graphene is accelerating, and it is expected to be applied to the electric vehicle industry, smart devices and other industries.

2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphene Battery

The conductivity of graphene battery is much higher than that of lithium-ion battery, which can accelerate the charging speed of electric devices, improve the capacity of the battery and extend the service life of the battery. The structure of graphene batteries is robust, reducing the risk of fire or explosion of the battery. The disadvantage of graphene batteries is that they are expensive, and there is no method of mass production of graphene batteries.

3. Lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur battery is a kind of lithium battery, which is a kind of lithium battery with elemental sulfur as the positive pole of the battery and lithium metal as the negative pole of the battery. The main development prospect is that the single sulfur in the earth’s abundant reserves, low price, environmentally friendly.

3.1 The principle of lithium-sulfur battery

Lithium-sulfur battery chemical reaction principle is different from the lithium ion battery lithium ions in the positive and negative electrode between the de-embedding principle, but the electrochemical principle. In the discharge of the negative electrode reaction for lithium to lose electrons into lithium ions, the positive electrode reaction for sulfur and lithium ions reacted into sulfide, the positive electrode and negative electrode reaction of the potential difference between the lithium and sulfur batteries to provide the discharge voltage. Under the applied pressure, lithium-sulfur batteries, the positive and negative electrode reaction is reversed, is the charging process.

3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries are more efficient than lithium-ion batteries and can increase battery range and storage capacity, in addition sulfur batteries is cheap and less costly. The disadvantages of lithium-sulfur batteries are that they are prone to dendrites during the battery charging and discharging process, and lithium-sulfur batteries are less conductive and prone to corrosion.