What is the difference between lead batteries and lithium-ion batteries?
Lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries have different advantages, at the same time, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries have very obvious differences, such as: the price cost, service life, energy density and so on. Specific lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries are as follows:
1. Energy density: lithium-ion batteries have a greater energy density, lead-acid batteries have a small energy density, general lithium-ion battery energy density is lead-acid battery energy battery 3 to 5 times, which means that in the lightweight energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries have a great advantage.
2. Volume density: the volume energy density of lithium-ion batteries is 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, in the case of the same capacity, lithium-ion batteries than lead-acid batteries are much smaller.
3. Service life: lithium-ion batteries in the use of the cycle time is longer, lithium iron phosphate lithium batteries in the cycle of more than 2,000 times, three original power lithium batteries cycle of more than 1,000 times, lead-acid batteries cycle of more than 300 times, so the service life of lithium-ion batteries is lead-acid batteries service life of 3 to 6 times.
4. Price: the price of lithium-ion batteries relative to lead-acid batteries to be 3 to 5 times more expensive, but according to the service life, put the same cost, lithium-ion cost price is lower.
5. Safety performance: the safety of lithium-ion batteries is lower than lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries are very likely to occur thermal runaway, so we have to do a variety of preventive work in the use of the process to prevent the battery from receiving an external shock or accident damage to the battery, because it may cause a fire or explosion. The sulfuric acid in lead-acid batteries is extremely corrosive and has the potential to leak. If overcharged, hydrogen and oxygen may be released, leading to an explosion. At present, with the continuous development of lithium-ion batteries, the temperature adaptability of the battery, charging efficiency and other aspects have been improved, so lithium-ion batteries are not worse than lead-acid batteries.
6. Environmental protection: lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly, lead-acid batteries in all aspects of production or waste batteries will cause pollution to the environment, from the current global environment, lithium batteries are more widely used, but also more to obtain national support. And in some areas have been limited to the use of lead-acid batteries, so in the future lithium-ion batteries will replace lead-acid batteries.
7. Individual needs: lead-acid batteries are more cost-effective and safer, because of the long history of use and mature technology development. Everyone’s point of view will be different, what kind of battery to buy according to your personal needs, but we recommend lithium-ion batteries.
8. Use of materials: lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries work on the same principle. Their main difference is that the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte materials are different. In lithium-ion batteries, carbon is used for the positive electrode and lithium oxide is used for the negative electrode. In lead-acid batteries, lead is used for the positive electrode and lead oxide for the negative electrode. Lead-acid batteries use sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries use lithium salt as the electrolyte.
9. Depth of discharge: Depth of discharge indicates the maximum amount of energy that can be used when the battery is fully charged. If the depth of discharge of the battery is 70%, the maximum capacity of the battery can be used and recharged 70%. If we use more than 70% of the capacity, then our battery life will be reduced. At present, the discharge depth of lead-acid battery is about 50%, and the discharge depth of lithium-ion battery is about 80%. With the development of science and technology, lithium-ion battery technology level is higher, lithium-ion battery discharge depth can reach 100%, which means that lithium-ion battery battery efficiency has been improved, you can use lithium-ion battery for a long time.
10. Durability: If properly maintained during our daily use, lead-acid batteries can be used for 2 years if the battery is charged immediately after 50% use. If the battery power is completely used up or used more than 80%, it can only last 350 cycles or one year. On the contrary, lithium-ion batteries have a 10-year warranty and can sustain more than 10,000 cycles.
11. Charging speed: The charging speed of lithium-ion batteries is much faster than that of lead-acid batteries. Assuming a lead-acid battery takes 6 hours to fully charge, however, a lithium-ion battery may take about an hour. Lithium-ion batteries charge about six times faster than lead-acid batteries. This is why most electric cars use lithium-ion batteries.
Problems common to lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries
1. Both types of batteries have hidden dangers during use.
For example, both lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries, overcharging can lead to explosions. In addition, the sulfuric acid in lead-acid batteries is highly corrosive and has the potential for leakage. If overcharged, hydrogen and oxygen may be released, leading to an explosion. Lithium-ion batteries are highly susceptible to thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is a situation in which the heat generated inside the battery exceeds the heat emitted to the surrounding area, and thermal runaway may also trigger a battery explosion.
2. Both batteries need further innovation and development
Summary
lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries need further development, the two can be different in the development of focus, play an important role in their respective fields.
