What is a solid state battery?
A solid state battery is a battery that uses an electrolyte to conduct ions between electrodes, not an electrolyte or gel polymer electrolyte as in conventional batteries, a solid state battery is a battery that uses solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte. Lithium-ion batteries typically have graphite electrodes, metal oxide electrodes, and solutions, solid-state battery electrolytes are made of alumina ceramics, glass, and solid oxides and are much smaller. In theory, solid-state batteries have a much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries and will be much easier to use.
Principle of Solid State Battery
Solid-state batteries and lithium-ion batteries are composed of cathode materials (e.g., oxides, lithium iron phosphate, etc.), anode materials (e.g., lithium metal, carbon, etc.) and electrolyte, the electrolyte of solid-state batteries is a solid, which only allows lithium ions to pass through the electrolyte, and the lithium ions are moving in the ends of the battery, and in the charging process, the positive electrode of the battery will be generated by lithium ions, and the lithium ions generated will move through the solid state electrolyte to the negative electrode, and the more the lithium ion embedded in the negative electrode, the more the lithium ion is generated. The more lithium ions embedded in the negative electrode, the higher the charging capacity until charging is completed. In the discharge process, lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. (Note that the cathode is the positive electrode and the anode is the negative electrode)
The future use of solid-state batteries
1. For battery cars
At present, the power battery of electric vehicles mainly uses lithium-ion batteries, once the solid-state battery can be produced and popularized, it will change the entire electric vehicle industry, the energy density of solid-state batteries than lithium-ion batteries, and the safety is higher than lithium-ion batteries, is as the first choice of electric vehicle power battery.
2. For drones, satellites, aviation equipment, etc.
Solid-state batteries have high energy density and small size, can be used in drones, satellites and other equipment, will not increase the overall weight of the system, and can run more durable, higher safety.
3. For energy storage systems
Solid-state batteries can be well adapted to various working environments, and can store more energy in the same volume, which can further improve the stability of the power grid and respond to emergencies.
4. For industrial production
The environment of industrial production is relatively harsh and requires high energy density batteries, solid-state batteries can well meet the needs of industrial production and improve production efficiency.
5.Wearable devices
People in special environments, the need to wear special equipment, equipment power source using solid-state batteries can run longer, to improve the safety of wearable equipment.
6. Summarize:
there are many uses envisioned for solid-state batteries, but the battery is still under development. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are known for their safety and stability, lithium iron phosphate batteries in all walks of life in a wide range of uses, can be used as an electric vehicle power battery, aerospace equipment batteries, industrial production and so on.
Advantages of solid state battery
1. Long service lifespan of solid state battery
Solid-state batteries have a theoretically higher number of cycles and exceed the number of cycles of existing batteries, which means that the life of solid-state batteries can be used for a longer period of time, and basically do not need to replace the batteries after the use of attention to maintenance.
2. High energy density of solid-state batteries
After the use of all-solid-state electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries will change the use of materials, the main thing is not to use inlaid graphite anode, but the use of lithium metal to do the anode, so that you can reduce the use of anode materials, so that the energy density of the entire battery to rise.
3. High temperature adaptability
Because the electrolyte of solid-state battery is ceramic, solid oxide, etc., greatly improving the battery’s adaptability to external temperature, can run well in cold weather, safe work in the hot season, but there is a limit to the temperature, can not be used for extreme temperatures.
4. Small size
Lithium-ion electronic need to use diaphragm and electrolyte, they will occupy a large part of the volume of the battery, and if the use of solid electrolyte instead, can shorten the distance between the movement of electrons, so that the thickness of the battery can be greatly reduced.
5. Higher safety
Lithium-ion batteries in the high-current operating environment will occur lithium dendrites, thus piercing the diaphragm leading to short-circuit phenomenon, solid batteries will not be such an accident. Lithium battery electrolyte is an organic solution, in the high-temperature environment will occur side reactions, oxidation, gas generation and combustion, the use of solid-state batteries will not be such an accident.
6. Flexibility
Solid-state battery electrolyte is usually made of ceramics, glass, solid compounds, etc., in the thickness of thin to a certain extent, the material is bendable, will be more flexible, made of batteries can be bent after many times to ensure that the performance will not decline.
Disadvantages of solid state batteries:
1. High cost of use
The testing and production capacity of solid-state batteries is limited, the manufacturing process used is difficult to scale up, and the production equipment used is expensive, so the production cost of solid-state batteries is high.
2. Electrolyte can not be determined
Solid-state batteries whether using using sulfide, oxide, polymers, etc., are facing deficiencies and need further research.
3. Unstable interface
Electrode to electrolyte interface is unstable, in the solid state electrolyte in contact with the electrode, the reaction at the interface will appear passivation interface, seriously affecting the flow of lithium ions.
4. Dendrites will be generated
As the anode material of the solid-state battery is made of lithium metal, it has higher energy density, safety and faster charging time, but the anode is susceptible to dendrites, which can lead to electrical short circuits, and it requires further research by researchers to improve the original anode material or to change the anode material.
Summary:
Solid-state batteries have good prospects for development, can be used in a variety of fields, but also faces development problems, the need for researchers to continue to study, the development of anything can not be smooth sailing, we need to persevere in our efforts, I believe that in the future solid-state batteries will be able to develop and popularize.
On the current market, we recommend that you use lithium iron phosphate batteries, battery life, safety, are second only to solid-state batteries, you can use lithium iron phosphate batteries as a family backup power or solar energy storage batteries, to maximize the ability to meet the needs of daily life.
