In the era of rapid development of electric vehicles, charging efficiency has become a key factor affecting the travel experience. This article will introduce when and how to use DC fast charging correctly to help electric vehicle users better plan their charging and improve travel convenience.
1. What is DC Fast Charging?
DC fast charging is an efficient electric vehicle charging method. It bypasses the AC – to – DC conversion process of the onboard charger and directly delivers DC power to the vehicle’s battery, significantly speeding up the charging process. However, the charging time still depends on factors like battery capacity and the charger’s output power. Many vehicles using most DC fast chargers today can charge up to 80% in about an hour or less.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of DC Fast Charging
2.1 Advantages
2.1.1 Fast charging:
DC fast charging provides direct DC power to the vehicle’s battery, with a speed much higher than AC charging. For example, a common 150kW DC fast-charging pile can charge a vehicle from 20% to 80% in 30 minutes, while a regular 7kW AC charging pile needs several hours. The high-power output makes DC fast charging especially suitable for long-distance travel or emergency charging scenarios.
2.1.2 Strong compatibility:
DC fast charging usually uses standardized interfaces (such as CCS or CHAdeMO), which can adapt to various brands of electric vehicles. This universal design means users don’t have to worry about the compatibility between charging equipment and vehicles, enhancing the practicality of charging facilities.
2.2 Disadvantages
2.2.1 High cost: The equipment and construction costs are high, including the costs of charger hardware and power grid upgrades, leading to relatively high usage fees.
2.2.2 Impact on battery health: The rapid charging process may cause the battery temperature to rise, accelerating battery aging and reducing battery life.
2.2.3 High-power grid requirements: It requires a stable, high-voltage power grid. Otherwise, it may affect the charging effect and even impact the power grid.
3. When to Use DC Fast Charging?
The best time for fast-charging an electric vehicle depends on its charging status and driving plan.
When the battery level is between 20% and 80%, DC fast-charging is most efficient and faster. To protect the battery, avoid using DC fast-charging when the level is above 80% or below 10%. The former adds battery stress, while the latter speeds up performance decline.
Electric vehicles follow a “charging curve”. The initial charging speed is slow. The vehicle monitors factors like power level and external weather, then accelerates to peak speed. However, it slows down again near 80% to extend battery life. So, when using a DC fast-charger, it’s suggested to unplug around 80%. The charging speed will drop sharply, and the last 20% may take as long as reaching 80%. Stopping at 80% is not only more efficient but also fairer for other electric vehicle drivers to use the fast-charging station.
4. How to Use DC Fast Charging?
4.1 Find a Suitable Fast Charger: When your vehicle needs charging, use a mobile charging navigation app or check a charging station map to locate a DC fast charger.
4.2 Check the Vehicle’s Charging Port: Ensure the vehicle’s DC charging port is clean and undamaged. The metal contacts inside should be free of rust and debris.
4.3 Connect the Charging Gun: Insert the DC charger’s gun into the vehicle’s DC port. A “click” sound indicates a secure connection.
4.4 Start Charging: On the charger’s screen, select DC fast-charging mode. Enter vehicle details like model and battery capacity. Then, press the “Start Charging” button.
4.5 Monitor the Charging Process: During charging, observe the voltage, current, and charged amount displayed on the charger’s screen. Ensure everything is functioning properly.
4.6 End Charging: When the battery reaches the set level or is full, the charger will stop automatically. Remove the gun and return it to the charger’s holder.
5. Summary
DC fast charging offers the convenience of rapid charging for electric vehicle users. It’s especially suitable for long-distance trips, urgent travel, or time-constrained situations. By choosing the right charging station, following the correct steps, and paying attention to safety, users can efficiently utilize DC fast-charging technology. However, to extend battery life, it’s recommended to pay attention to the compatibility and condition of the vehicle and charging equipment in daily use. With continuous technological progress, the popularization and optimization of DC fast charging will provide stronger support for the future development of electric vehicles.
